Mediating effect of sleep quality on the association between job stress and health-related productivity loss among workers in R&D enterprises in Shanghai.

Background: Past research indicates that occupational stress negatively predicts health-related productivity. Simultaneously, sleep problem among workers may stem from job stress, subsequently leading to a decline in sleep quality and resulting in reduced health productivity. Therefore, this study aims to idenitify whether the sleep quality of employees functions as a mediator in the process through which job stress impacts health productivity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status and analyze differences in quality of sleep, job stress, and health-related productivity loss (HRPL) among workers in research and development (R&D) enterprises in Minhang District, Shanghai. We also assessed the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between job stress and HRPL. Methods: A total of 3,216 workers in R&D firms aged between 18 and 60 years participated in this study (mean age 35.15 years; standard deviation 8.44; male-to-female ratio≈2:1). The Nakata Insomnia Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire revised edition, and the Chinese version of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire were used in this study. And the Kruskal-Wallis test, Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis, and Path Analysis were utilized for data analysis in this study. Results: There were significant differences in the positive detection rate of insomnia among participants according to age, educational level, marital status, position, length of service, and level of financial difficulties (all P < 0.05). We also found significant differences in the positive detection rate of HRPL among participants according to age, marital status, length of service, and level of financial difficulties (all P < 0.05); participants with insomnia scored higher for HRPL than those without insomnia (6.00 vs. 4.20, P < 0.001). Additionally, participants with job stress problems had higher HRPL than those without these issues (7.00 vs. 4.20, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that sleep quality plays a mediating role between job stress and HRPL (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Occupational health professionals must pay particular attention to job stress, sleep quality, and their influencing factors to positively influence the wellbeing of workers while improving productivity.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpesvirus among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to facilitate the understanding of the transmission route and risk factors that might contribute to the infection of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 520 subjects was conducted in Shanghai, China in 2020. Plasma samples were collected and screened for KSHV, HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore potential correlates of KSHV infection. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of KSHV was 43.8%, with an adjusted value of 29.8% according to the sensitivity and specificity of the KSHV screening assay. Individuals with lower levels of monthly income (Chi-sqauretrend = 4.11, P = 0.043) and more male sex partners (Chi-sqauretrend = 6.06, P = 0.014) were more likely to be infected with KSHV. Also, KSHV seropositivity was positively associated with being a student (aOR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.09-3.61), being coinfected with HCV (aOR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.05-7.10), and syphilis (aOR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.30-6.89). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of KSHV in MSM remains high. As a risky sexual behavior, having multiple male sex partners is a key contributor to KSHV infection among this population. Efforts designed to control modifiable risk factors in order to reduce the burden of KSHV infection are indispensable. High KSHV seroprevalence among students MSM deserves more attention.

The t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 translocation in gastrointestinal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma).

AIMS: Studies have indicated that the t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 translocation is present in extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). However, only a few studies have investigated the incidence of t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 in primary gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas or in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The overall significance of t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 in gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas is not clear. We examined 41 gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma and 23 DLBCL cases, with the aim of further understanding the role of t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 in these diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assays for the detection of t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 and t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, along with immunostaining and histological evaluations, were performed on selected cases. Of the 64 analysed cases, one gastric MALT lymphoma and one colonic MALT lymphoma were positive for t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1. CONCLUSIONS: We describe what are, to our knowledge, the first reported primary colonic MALT lymphoma carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1, and one of the few reported cases of gastric MALT lymphoma with this translocation. As this translocation is seen in only a few gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas, it is not useful as a diagnostic marker for routine clinical services. Although these findings suggest that t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 is a rare molecular event in gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas and DLBCLs, further studies to elucidate the role of this genetic alteration in these diseases are indicated.

Lessons from an evaluation of a provincial-level smoking control policy in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: The Shanghai Public Places Smoking Control Legislation was implemented in March 2010 as the first provincial-level legislation promoting smoke-free public places in China. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the compliance with this policy as well as its impact on exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), respiratory symptoms, and related attitudes among employees in five kinds of workplaces (schools, kindergartens, hospitals, hotels, and shopping malls). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted six months before and then six months after the policy was implemented. Five types of occupational employees from 52 work settings were surveyed anonymously using multistage stratified cluster sampling. RESULTS: Six months after implementation, 82% of the participants agreed that "legislation is enforced most of the time". The percentage of self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke declined from round up to 49% to 36%. High compliance rates were achieved in schools and kindergartens (above 90%), with less compliance in hotels and shopping malls (about 70%). Accordingly, prevalence of exposure to SHS was low in schools and kindergartens (less than 10%) and high in hotels and shopping malls (40% and above). The prevalence of respiratory and sensory symptoms (e.g., red or irritated eyes) among employees decreased from 83% to 67%. CONCLUSIONS: Initial positive effects were achieved after the implementation of Shanghai Smoking Control legislation including decreased exposure to SHS. However, compliance with the policies was a considerable problem in some settings. Further evaluation of such policy implementation should be conducted to inform strategies for increasing compliance in the future.

Quantitative analysis of activating alpha subunit of the G protein (Gsα) mutation by pyrosequencing in fibrous dysplasia and other bone lesions.

Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) frequently display overlapping histological features. The differentiation of fibrous dysplasia (FD) from other BFOLs can be difficult, even for experienced orthopedic pathologists. Accurately distinguishing FD from other BFOLs may have significant clinical and treatment implications. A somatic mutation in gene GNAS encoding the α subunit of the G protein (Gsα) involving the codon corresponding to Arg 201 has been identified in FD and is specifically absent in other BFOLs. We have developed a quantitative assay by pyrosequencing that has a detection sensitivity of 95%. The test allows the identification of the two most common types of mutation (Arg→His and Arg→Cys) in a single reaction, with the ability to analyze other rare mutations. Of the 24 FD cases in this series, 23 (96%) were positive for GNAS/Gsα mutation. Nineteen of 23 positive cases exhibited a G→A mutation (Arg→His), whereas four had a C→T mutation (Arg→Cys). One of three BFOL, not otherwise specified cases was positive for G→A mutation. None of the osteofibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibromas, or other bone lesions were positive for this mutation. Our experience is that pyrosequencing is an easy and accurate quantification method for Gsα mutation detection in fibrous dysplasia. Mutation analysis of the Gsα by pyrosequencing has significant potential for improving discrimination between FD and other BFOLs in problematic cases.

t(11;18)(q21;q21) in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in stomach: a study of 48 cases.

Gastric extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MZL-MALT) is speculated to be immune mediated and is notable for responding to treatment by Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, the gastric MZL-MALT with t(11;18)(q21;q21) has been shown to be resistant to treatment by H. pylori eradication. We studied the molecular, immunohistochemical, and histological aspects of 48 cases of gastric MZL-MALT and used a reverse transcription real-time PCR assay to assess the presence of a t(11;18)(q21;q21) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Florescence in situ hybridization for t(11:18)(q21;q21) was used to confirm the real-time PCR results. Three distinct morphological subtypes were recognized: monocytoid, small lymphocytic, and plasmacytoid. Morphology, immunophenotype, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement were correlated with the results of the t(11:18)(q21;q21) assay. Of the 48 analyzed cases, 15 (31%) were positive for t(11;18)(q21;q21) and 33 (69%) were monoclonal for IgH gene rearrangement. Of the 15, 13 (87%) cases with t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation showed IgH gene rearrangement by PCR. Of the 33 t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negative cases tested, 20 cases (61%) showed IgH gene rearrangement. The 15 t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation-positive cases had either monocytoid (12 of 15) or small lymphocytic morphology (3 of 15). Aberrant expression of CD43 was observed in 8 of 15 (53%) t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive cases and 21 of 31 (68%) t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negative cases. Our data show that t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive MZL-MALTs frequently show monocytoid morphology, less often small lymphocytic morphology, and not purely plasmacytoid morphology. Identification of a t(11;18)(q21;q21) by reverse transcription real-time PCR is highly specific for MZL-MALT and helps in the diagnosis of MZL-MALT. Studying the correlation between this translocation and morphological features may increase our understanding of the role of this translocation in the pathogenesis and the clinical behavior of gastric MZL-MALT.

Ultrasound-accelerated tissue fixation/processing achieves superior morphology and macromolecule integrity with storage stability.

We demonstrate that high-frequency and high-intensity ultrasound (US) can be applied to both tissue fixation and tissue processing to complete the conventional overnight formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding (FFPE) procedures within 1 hr. US-facilitated FFPE retains superior tissue morphology and long-term room temperature storage stability than conventional FFPE. There is less alteration of protein antigenicity after US-FFPE preservation so that rapid immunohistochemical reactions occur with higher sensitivity and intensity, reducing the need for antigen retrieval pretreatment. US-FFPE tissues present storage stability so that room temperature storage up to 7 years does not significantly affect tissue morphology, protein antigenic properties, RNA distribution, localization, and quantitation. In addition, during fixation, tissue displays physical changes that can be monitored and reflected as changes in transmission US signals. As far as we know, this is the first effort to monitor tissue physical changes during fixation. Further study of this phenomenon may provide a method to control and to monitor the level of fixation for quality controls. The mechanism of less alteration of protein antigenicity by US-FFPE was discussed.